Antagonism of which neurotransmitter is most likely to improve symptoms of urge incontinence in an elderly woman?

Urge incontinence, a condition characterized by a strong, sudden need to urinate, is often associated with an overactive bladder. The primary neurotransmitter involved in bladder contraction is acetylcholine, which acts on muscarinic receptors within the bladder. In cases of urge incontinence, there is typically an exaggerated effect of acetylcholine, leading to increased detrusor muscle activity and inappropriate bladder contractions.

Antagonizing or inhibiting the action of acetylcholine can help reduce the spasms of the detrusor muscle, thereby alleviating the symptoms of urge incontinence. This is the mechanism behind many anticholinergic medications that are used to treat this condition. By blocking acetylcholine's action, these drugs can help relax the bladder muscle, thus improving bladder storage and reducing episodes of urgency and incontinence.

The other neurotransmitters mentioned do not play a direct role in the management of urge incontinence. Adrenaline and noradrenaline primarily influence the sympathetic nervous system, which inhibits bladder contractions rather than modulating the overactive contractions directly related to acetylcholine. Dopamine is more involved in a wide range of functions including mood regulation and coordination of movement and is not directly related to bladder function. Thus, antagon