In a patient with hirsutism, which hormone is most likely elevated if diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome?

In the context of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) are commonly observed. In PCOS, the ovarian follicles do not mature properly, and as a result, there is an imbalance in hormone levels. The adrenal androgens, as well as ovarian estrogen, increase, but what is particularly notable is the relative elevation of LH compared to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

This imbalance leads to hyperandrogenism, which is responsible for symptoms such as hirsutism. In many cases of PCOS, women exhibit a higher ratio of LH to FSH, often with elevated LH levels being a significant contributing factor to the development of hirsutism.

The other hormones listed, such as estradiol, FSH, and prolactin, do not show the same consistent elevation in PCOS. Estradiol, while important, is often maintained or could even be lower depending on the follicular development status. FSH, in fact, may be lower relative to LH in individuals with PCOS. Prolactin is typically not elevated in PCOS unless there is an associated condition affecting prolactin secretion. Thus, the elevation of LH is